Heilongjiang was established in the 22nd year of Kangxi's Reign (1683) in Qing Dynasty, which was later than Shengjing (the present Liaoning) and Jilin. Heilongjiang Martial was stationed in Aihun (the present Aihui) at first, then transferred to Morgen (the present Nenjiang) in the 29th year of Kangxi's Reign (1690), and transferred to Qiqihar in the 38th year of Kangxi's Reign (1699). Qiqihar had been the political, military, economic and cultural center and capital city of Heilongjiang Province since the Heilongjiang martial's transfer to Qiqihar until 1954.
The office of Heilongjiang martial was Martial's Yamun after its transfer to Qiqihar, which was also called Martial's Office (the former address was the location of the present Jianhua District Government). In the past, the Martial went to his mansion every five days and normally the routine applications had to be submitted to the Martial's private residence for approval, which was called Call-in. The private residence of the Martial was called Martial's Mansion, which was located at the northwest of the Martial's Yamun and its former address was at the west of the north section of Pukui Street. It's said to be built in the 34th year of Kangxi's Reign (1695), which was probably built based on sombody's residence after the establishment of Qiqihar City and was repeatedly repaired and renovated afterwards. The Unofficial History of Heilongjiang that was completed in the 15th year of Jiaqing's Reign (1810) had two descriptions about Martial's Mansion, one described there are 3 sanctums and rockery in the mansion. The Martial planted several peony plants in the yard while there was a stele inscribed as Peony Hall. There was a plum plant before that hall. The Martial once wrote a poem about watching moon and flowers in the yard in autumn. The other described somebody caught two cranes to present to a Martial (refer to Martial Binjing), then the cranes were fed and taken care in the yard. The cranes had slim necks and long legs that favored water and rain, and they were playing happily in the yard after rain; their red crowns were grown out gradually, and then the people finally knew that they were red-crowned cranes that could not be domesticated. We could infer from the above-mentioned descriptions that there were plants, flowers, rockery and garden in the Martial's Mansion and there were red-crowned cranes once being domesticated.
There were totally 70 martials once lived in this mansion from the first Heilongjiang Martial Sabusu to the 26th year of Guangxu's Reign (1900) before Genzi War, and the period covered Kangxi's Reign, Yongzheng's Reign, Qianlong's Reign, Jiaqing's Reign, Daoguang's Reign, Xianfeng's Reign, Tongzhi's Reign and Guangxu's Reign. After Martial Shoushan's death at his post, the Russian troops occupied Qiqihar City, and the Martial's Mansion was inhabited by the Russian General Galsar. Heilongjiang Accident Handling Bureau transferred to the Martial's Mansion after the retreat of Russian troops. Heilongjiang was changed into province in the 33rd year of Guangxu's Reign (1907), a Treasury Official was appointed (to be responsible for the financial affairs of a province), and the office of the Treasury Official was arranged in the Martial's Mansion. The Martial's Mansion was successively the Battalion Department of Constable Battalion and the Army Training Department after institution restructuring over one year later. It's the Branch Audit Department at the beginning of Republic of China. At that time, the east section of the mansion was Branch Audit Department, and the east room of the east section was Newspaper General Bureau, and the west of the mansion was Opium Banning Office. Shortly after, the Finance Clearing Bureau was established in the mansion, which was changed into National Taxation Department Preparation Office later and the mansion was used by Heilongjiang Provincial Department of Finance afterwards. After the September 18 Incident, the Martial's Mansion became Taxation Supervision Office, and it was used successively by Taxation General Bureau, Grain General Bureau and Provincial Financial Bureau after liberation. It's used by Heilongjiang Provincial School of Political Sciences after the combination of Heilongjiang Province and Nenjiang Province. The Martial's Mansion was handed over by the Real Estate Department of Nenjiang Area Commissioner Office in 1958, which was changed into dormitory for cadre family residence and remained unchanged from then on.
Make a comprehensive view of the evolution of Martial's Mansion, we could generally know that the Martial's Mansion was first built in the 34th year of Kangxi's Reign, the scale of the mansion was expanded during Qianlong's Reign, and finally the four-portal gracious pattern was formed. However, the old structure of straw ceiling and couch grass eaves was continued all the time, which was not changed until to the middle period of Guangxu's Reign. Up to now, there is no documentation available about when was the construction changed to brick and wood. Moreover, the Martial's Mansion was occupied by some military and financial organs after Martial Shoushan's death at his post. Although the mansion had frequently undergone demolishment, alteration and expansion during the period of end of Qing Dynasty, Republic of China, Japanese-invasion Period and the beginning of liberation and after the founding of China, the general structure was not much altered. It's ranked to be Provincial-Level Cultural Relics Protection Unit as for its important value for study in local history and literature history and other aspects. |
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