Guyang Cave, which is the oldest and biggest cave of Longmen Grottoes as well as the richest in content, was cut in 493 (the seventeenth year of Taihe when Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei Dynasty moved the capital to Luoyang). Quite a number of princes, nobles, high-ranking officials and monks who were in favor of Emperor Xiaowen's decision to launch reforms have erected statues and made vows in this cave. The main chamber is featured with one Buddha, two bodhisattvas on the back wall. There remains a lion under the seat of the Buddha. Three layers of big niches have been cut on the north and south walls. In addition, small niches of different sizes and contents can be found on the walls.

The Buddhist niches are of different styles, with a variety of designs and colors. Within the niches are statues of one Buddha, two bodhisattvas or one standing bodhisattva with two attending bodhisattvas, Sakymuni, Maitreya, etc. The carving style is characteristic of the typical style popular in Northern Wei Dynasty, with Slender Figures and Emaciated Looks. Among the well-known Longmen Twenty Selected Pieces, 19 of them are kept in Guyang Cave.

The calligraphy and stele as reflected in the Longmen Twenty Selected Pieces are outstanding representatives of the tablet inscriptions of the Northern Wei Dynasty.

Kanjingsi Cave (constructed from 684 to 741, during the reign of Empress Wu Zhou), located in the north of Wanfougou, is a big cave with square and flat ceiling. A large lotus flower enclosed by six apsaras decorates the ceiling. The lower parts of the front, right, and left walls are occupied by 29 arhats, 11 on the main wall and nine on each of the side walls, who are of the same size as true humans. The arhats are of different figures and characters, expressing their distinctive interior interest. They are carved in high relief, with high artistic value.

Bai Garden, located on Peak Pipa in the north of the East Longmen Hill (Xiangshan Hill), was reconstructed by Tang Youzeng of Qing Dynasty in 1709. The temple is surrounded by green pine trees and cypress, looking solemn and serene. It was promulgated a key site for protection at the state level by the State Council in 1961.
The tomb of Bai Juyi is a round mound of earth, 4 meters high, with a circumference of 52 meters. In front of the tomb stands a tombstone of 2.80 meters high, which reads, “The Tomb of Bai Juyi Tai”.

Bai Juyi, style name Letian, had his ancestors in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, who moved to Shaanxi. He was born in 772 and died in 846. As one of the most outstanding poets in the Tang Dynasty, Bai Juyi enjoyed great fame in the literature field both at home and abroad. He assumed a number of positions in the government and was the teacher of the prince in his later life. When retired, he came to Luoyang and made good friends with “Nine Persons of Xiangshan Hill”, who often composed and sang poems at Longmen. Meanwhile, he donated money for the construction of Xiangshan Temple.

When Bai Juyi died, he was buried in the present Bai Garden, according to his will. The important scenic spots in the Bai Garden are Qinggu, Tingyi Pavillion, Letian Hall, Bai Pavillion, Bird's Head Gate, Peak Pipa, Bai Juyi's Tomb, Wogu Tablet, Cuiyue Pavillion, Poem Corridor, Daoshi Reading Room, Songfeng Pavillion, etc. As a garden constructed according to style of the Tang Dynasty, it is a good place to console with the great poet as well as a tourist resort.